Airline Industry and Contestability Project What is a contestable marke

Airline Industry and Contestability Project What is a contestable market?In a contestable market, there ar one or a number of firms which wage maximise. In other words the number of firms is irrelevant. Thekey presumptuousness to make here is that barriers to entry to the industry be relatively low, as is the cost to pass on the industry. The existenceof potential entrants into the industry forget tend to pass on profits totheir normal level even in the short run, because existing firms willwant to deter new entrants from coming into the market. Contestablemarkets are both(prenominal) productively and allocatively efficient and arelikely to be efficient in the short run as well.The theory regarding the type of profit made in a contestable marketis this. Abnormal profit can only be made in the short run, onlynormal profit will be made in the long run. The reason being is thatwhen firm try to profit maximises in the short run then this will allure new entrants into the market to take some of this profit awayfrom the existing firm. As more competition is attracted then the newprices will force the prices and the profit down. This is the reasonwhy it is only possible to make normal profit in the long run. Thethreat of potential entrants into the industry means that existingfirms will be wipe out competitively, even if the firm is a monopoly.The key assumption of a contestable market is that it gives the firmsthe ability to infix and exit the market. It is natural to assume thata monopoly is going to have high barriers to entry, but theorysuggests that there is a large dependence on the cost to exit theindustry rather than enter it. The cost of exiting and Industry isoften termed as drop costs. These are the costs that a firm cantrecover when they decide to exit the industry. An mannikin of a sunkcost would be money spent on advertising, because you cannot recoverthe money you spent on advertising. If sunk costs are low or aroundnothing then it is correct to assume that a firm is operating in acontestable market. The lower the sunk cost the greater thecontestability of the market.The excuse at which a firm can enter and exit a market will leave itvulnerable to Hit and Run competition. If there is abnormal profitin an industry then newcomers will enter the market, take their shareof the excess profit and exit the... ...ity of service. In a less contestablemarket firms are under less pressure to produce a service of thehighest quality. Recent mergers involving Easyjet and Ryanair havemeant that the industry is being dominated by two big firms. This isan example of a Contestable market, because there is less competitionand these larger firms will benefit from economies of scale such asbrand loyalty and these firms will have more slots for taking off orlanding, which reduces the amount of competitors that can enter.The reason why it may be contestable is that in the industry there arelots of profits to be made. An increase in Ryanair p rofits wouldattract hit and run competition. Another reason is that Ryanair wasable to purchase a Boeing 747 at a significant discount. This meansthat there will be low sunk costs as these planes could be sold off ifyou decide to exit the industry.To conclude it can be said that the low cost airline industry is seenas contestable, because of the east to set up, excess profits, butrecent intelligence information show that it is more becoming less and less contestablewith mergers and few firms producing at low cost and really dominatingthe industry.

The Step-by-Step Approach: Guidelines to writing a Literature Review Es

The Step-by-Step Approach Guidelines to writing a literature ReviewGlobally, students and researchers alike are presented with the task of developing a literature review. This execute may seem daunting to the inexperienced writer, however, there is no need for trial and error as there are known procedures and guidelines created to simplify much(prenominal) an assignment. A basic literature review may be defined as A written document that develops a case to establish a thesis. This review synthesizes current cognition pertaining to the research question (Machi & McEvoy, 2012). A literature a review is an organized way to research a discipline and is considered the initiation of a research study (Polit & Beck, 2013). According to Lawrence A. Machi and Brenda T. McEvoy (2012), the purpose of a literature review depends on the nature of the inquiry. Basic literature reviews summarize and measure out topics that view been previously explored. Advanced literature reviews are slightl y more demanding because they apply the knowledge gathered from a basic literature review and incorporate that knowledge as a basis for formulating a new question and original research. Machi and McEvoy (2012), authors of The Literature Review Six Steps to Success describe the following six steps to the literature review process 1. Select a Topic, 2. Search the Literature, 3. Develop the Argument, 4. Survey the Literature, 5. Critique the Literature, 6. Write the Review. This paper will describe and evaluate the steps involved in writing a literature review.The first step in conducting a literature review is selecting a topic. Selecting a topic of discussion requires at least two tasks. First, find a personal interest. Most research topics are based upon everyday co... ...n the review, following these steps should bring to an end in a literature review that highlights the significant aspects of a topic in a logical order that allows the reader to understand the context and copu lation to a research question (Polit & Beck, 2013).References Aaron, L. (2008). Writing & research. writing a literature review article. Radiologic Technology , 80(2), 185. Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2010). Understanding Nursing interrogation Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.Machi, L. A., & McEvoy, B. T. (2012). The Literature Review Six Steps to Success. Sage. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2013). Essentials of Nursing Research Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. Wolters Kluwer Health.Randolph, J. J. (2009). A guide to writing the dissertation literature review. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 14(13), 2.

Comparison Of Karl Marx And Matthew Arnold :: essays research papers

Comparison of Karl Marx and Matthew ArnoldThrough their writing, Karl Marx and Matthew Arnold show their opposingviews on the importance of internal and external functions of cultivation. In thefirst chapter of Culture and Anarchy, " bouquet and nimbleness", Arnold describes gardening as being responsible for the progress of politics and society and as"the best knowledge and thought of the time" (19). Matthew Arnolds culture isbased on two main aspects, religion and education. Karl Marx, however, stronglycontrasts Arnolds ideas. Marx views culture as being derived from theadvancement of the sciences.     Matthew Arnolds definition of culture comes from "a mid-nineteenth-century Germanic notion of culture which is founded upon his study of Goethe andSchiller" (19). He believed many other cultures are based on the thought ofcuriosity and on scientific expansion. Arnold believed culture was based on theexpansion of the individuals mind onl y through education can a perfectculture be reached. In his writings, Arnold stated that for a man to be courtly he has to be versed in both religion and classic literature. AlthoughArnolds culture sought the advancement of the human mind he did not involvepeople to get wrapped up in technology. "Faith in machinery is, I said, ourbesetting danger often in machinery most absurdly disproportioned to the endwhich this machinery" (23). Arnold believes his culture is "more interestingand more far-reaching than that other, which is founded solely on the scientificpassion for knowing" (21). Arnold believed that culture dealt with nonesuchas he stated in "Sweetness and Light", "Culture is then properly describe not ashaving its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love ofperfection it is a study of perfection" (21). Arnold also says that culture isthe endeavor to make the moral and social characteristics of individualsprevail. Because cultur e is a study of perfection, then it is also an " secretcondition of the mind and spirit, not in an outward set of circumstances"(Arnold 23). Arnold states that, "In thus making sweetness and light to becharacters of perfection, culture is of wish well spirit with poetry" (25).     Matthew Arnold felt that religion was an important aspect of culture.Arnold felt that when the reason of God prevailed all society will be cultured.As Arnold states, "Now, then, is the heartbeat for culture to be of service,culture which believes in making reason and the will of God prevail, believes inperfection, is the study of perfection," (21). Marx states that the rulingclass of culture would be the capable and material force, he makes no

Frank Sinatra Essay -- essays research papers

blackguard Sinatra     As we inch towards the year 2000, we look back to the pre-dominant individuals of the 20th century. Time magazine voted wiener Sinatra as the worlds most influential vocalizer of the 20th century. Frank Sinatra not only excelled but transcended music and became a true personality of our time. Whether youre talking closely recorded music, live performances, movies or simply living large, Frank Sinatra has done that all. He has become an international figure, having the reputation as a celebrity, icon, bad male child and the greatest singer of American popular songs. He is known as being Americas first teen idol and also as a true American Legend. You may all know the name "Frank Sinatra" but you may all not know why Frank Sinatra is a cultural icon. later on reading the book "SinatraBehind the Legend" by Randy Tarabelli, I learned a lot about this American legend.Francis Albert Sinatra was born on Dec.12th,1915 in Hobok en, New Jersey. His parents were Italian immigrants and he grew up poor in the streets of Hoboken. Those tough early years made him all the more(prenominal) determined to work labored and make something of his life. He was a very ambitious person. Since he was a little boy he loved to sing. In his teen years he attended a Bing Crosby concert and that is when he decided that he too would become a singer. At the age of 19 the first break of his tuneful career came on when he sang with a band called the Hoboken Four. After ... Frank Sinatra Essay -- essays research papers Frank Sinatra     As we inch towards the year 2000, we look back to the pre-dominant individuals of the 20th century. Time magazine voted Frank Sinatra as the worlds most influential vocalist of the 20th century. Frank Sinatra not only excelled but transcended music and became a true personality of our time. Whether youre talking about recorded music, live performances, movies or simply living large, Frank Sinatra has done that all. He has become an international figure, having the reputation as a celebrity, icon, bad boy and the greatest singer of American popular songs. He is known as being Americas first teen idol and also as a true American Legend. You may all know the name "Frank Sinatra" but you may all not know why Frank Sinatra is a cultural icon. After reading the book "SinatraBehind the Legend" by Randy Tarabelli, I learned a lot about this American legend.Francis Albert Sinatra was born on Dec.12th,1915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents were Italian immigrants and he grew up poor in the streets of Hoboken. Those tough early years made him all the more determined to work hard and make something of his life. He was a very ambitious person. Since he was a little boy he loved to sing. In his teen years he attended a Bing Crosby concert and that is when he decided that he too would become a singer. At the age of 19 the first break of his musical career came on when he sang with a band called the Hoboken Four. After ...

The Case Of The Elusive Car Salesman :: essays research papers

     I was pacing around Lexington, waiting for my local mechanic to finish the in vogue(p) repairs on my 77 Chevy Impala. My names Yesterday, Sam Yesterday.It was hot in Lexington, by that is not uncommon for mid-July. Id had a rock-steady several months, and I was in good financial position for the first timesince I bought that Impala back in 1977. That machine had served me well, butlately it had been failing. Maybe it was time for a trade, I thought so Iwalked over to the nearest friendly (sort of) car dealership.     As soon as I set foot on the brilliant showroom floor, it seized me. It was themost beautiful thing I had ever seen. A sparkling combination of steel,leather, electronics, and a very large railway locomotive. The muscle car had been improve in the form of a 1995 Chevy Impala SS. It was sleek, resemblingthe type of car Darth Vader would drive. I grabbed the nearest salesman,hopped into the body hugging leather bucket, fired up the 275 bhp. LT1 engineand took off. As the 6-speaker CD stereo belted out(p) Aerosmith the poorsalesman tried to sell me a car that had already sold itself. I had fallen inlove, it was the only car that I had loved since that 77 Impala. It had anengine large enough to satisfy my primitive need for power, an image thatscreamed "Hey you with the radar gun watch over if you can catch me" Granted, itwas heavy, it had watery boat-like handling, and drank gas like my UncleBubba drinks beer. Still, I loved it. It wasnt Japanese, German, Korean, orotherwise. It was a big hunk of purebred, American muscle car, dammit.     I picked out a nice shiny new one, called the bank and drove home in my newwheels. I decided to spring for all the bells and whistles leather, CDplayer, timidity system, keyless entry, etc. I figured that if this car wasgoing to run as long as my last Impala it should be well-equipped.     As I was admiring the view fro m my office in the Financial Center, the phonerang. I answered and was greeted by a rather hysterical woman named Dianewho thought that she had been cheated by her car dealership.     "That abhorrence Car salesman has kidnaped my car" she explained.     I calmed her down and asked what happened.     "Well, Larry, the salesman, picked up my Lexus for servicing, just as usual.Also as usual, he left a more expensive car as a loaner. Later in the day,

The Case Of The Elusive Car Salesman :: essays research papers

     I was pacing around Lexington, waiting for my local mechanic to finish thelatest repairs on my 77 Chevy Impala. My names Yesterday, Sam Yesterday.It was hot in Lexington, by that is not uncommon for mid-July. Id had agood several months, and I was in good financial order for the first timesince I bought that Impala back in 1977. That railroad political machine had served me well, butlately it had been failing. Maybe it was time for a trade, I thought so Iwalked over to the nearest friendly (sort of) car dealership.     As soon as I set foot on the shiny showroom floor, it seized me. It was the virtually beautiful thing I had ever seen. A sparkling combination of steel,leather, electronics, and a very large engine. The muscle car had beenrevitalized in the course of a 1995 Chevy Impala SS. It was sleek, resemblingthe type of car Darth Vader would drive. I grabbed the nearest salesman,hopped into the body hugging leather bucket, fired up the 275 bhp. LT1 engineand took off. As the 6-speaker CD stereo belted out Aerosmith the poorsalesman tried to sell me a car that had already sold itself. I had fallen inlove, it was the only car that I had loved since that 77 Impala. It had anengine large enough to satisfy my primitive need for power, an image thatscreamed "Hey you with the radar gun See if you can get me" Granted, itwas heavy, it had watery boat-like handling, and drank gas like my UncleBubba drinks beer. Still, I loved it. It wasnt Japanese, German, Korean, orotherwise. It was a big hunk of purebred, American muscle car, dammit.     I picked out a becoming shiny new one, called the bank and drove home in my newwheels. I decided to spring for all the bells and whistles leather, CDplayer, alarm system, keyless entry, and so forth I figured that if this car wasgoing to run as long as my last Impala it should be well-equipped.     As I was admiring the view from my piece in the Financial Center, the phonerang. I answered and was greeted by a rather hysterical woman named Dianewho thought that she had been cheated by her car dealership.     "That evil Car salesman has kidnaped my car" she explained.     I calmed her down and asked what happened.     "Well, Larry, the salesman, picked up my Lexus for servicing, just as usual.Also as usual, he left a more expensive car as a loaner. Later in the day,

Classroom Management Goals Essay

To implement an effective teaching procedure, I have established a set of goals which can serve as my guide in teaching. My goals ar the followingTo establish an environment conducive for learning, interaction and developmentTo encourage and motivate my students for continuous academic progress through academics and social activities.To uphold unspoiled behavior and attitude through respect, understanding, integrity and responsibility inside and outside of the classroom.Classroom is the most important place where the teacher and the students interact and learn from each other. Therefore, a systematic classroom procedure must be established to effectively impart learning in an efficient way (Bosch 2006). It is also very important the students are aware of these procedures before implementing it in the class. An agreement between the teacher and the students should be ensured so that any misunderstanding can be avoided (Walden University 2009). through and through this, the teacher can easily control the class and motivate them to do whatever task they are assigned to do.Desks and tales should be arranged properly in order to encourage students to participate in class not only through discussions but also through interaction with other classmates(Laslett and Smith 1984). Students, irrespective of their nations will be asked to sit together based on a seat plan that I will established. This strategy will develop the students rational and social abilities. I believe that if the students are arranged side by side, they will be more motivated to work and seek learning notwithstanding among themselves. I will also implement monthly seat plan to make sure that both the students will be able to work with all their classmates for the entire academic year.The use of facilities such as the computer and other references can be used upon my permission. As a always, the teachers desk is dark limits to the students and the student will only be allowed to get something f rom the teachers desk given that he/she is permitted by the teacher. Drinking fountain, sink and pencil sharpener can be used even without permission. Lastly, all the facilities and learning materials should be kept clean and neat.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 32

I turned my back to the estate and began walking, then running, on the dirt road into town. Somehow, I felt that my feet barely touched the ground. I ran faster and faster, but my breath stayed the same. I felt that I could run like this forever, and I wanted to, because every step was taking me farther and farther away from the horrors Id witnessed.I tried not to think, tried to block the memories from my mind. Instead I focused on the light touch of the earth as I quickly placed one foot in front of the other. I noticed that even in the darkness, I could ingest the way the mist shimmered on the few leaves that still clung to the trees. I could hear the breath of squirrels and rabbits as they scampered through the forest. I smelled iron everywhere.The dirt road changed into cobblestone as I entered town. acquiring to town seemed to have taken no time at all, though normally I traversed the same distance in no less than an hour. I slowed to a stop. My eyes stung as I glanced slowly from left to right. The town square looked different somehow. Insects crawled in the dirt between the cobblestones. Paint flaked moody the walls of the Lockwood mansion, though it had been built exactly a few years ago. There was disrepair and decay in everything. Most pervasive was the smell of vervain. It was everywhere. But instead of existence vaguely pleasant, the scent was all-consuming and made me feel dizzy and nauseated. The only thing that countered the cloying scent was the heady smell of iron.I inhaled deeply, suddenly knowing that the only remedy against the vervain-induced weakness was in that scent. Every fiber of my body screamed that I had to find the source of it, had to nourish myself. I looked around, hungrily, my eyes rapidly scanning from the gin mill down the street to the market at the end of the block. Nothing.I sniffed the air again, and realized that the scentthe glorious, awful, damning scentwas coming blockr. I whirled around and sucked in my breat h as I saw Alice, the pretty young barmaid from the tavern, walking down the street. She was humming to herself and walking unevenly, no doubt because shed sampled some of the whiskey shed been answer all night. Her hair was a red flame against her pale skin. She smelled warm and sweet, like iron and wood smoke and tobacco.She was the remedy. I stole into the shadows of the trees that flanked the street. I was shock by how loud she was. Her humming, her breathing, each uneven footfall registered in my ear, and I couldnt help but wonder why she wasnt waking up everyone in town.Finally, she passed by, her curves close enough to touch. I reached out, grabbing her by her hips. She gasped.Alice, I said, my voice echoing hollowly in my ears. Its Stefan.Stefan Salvatore? she said, her puzzlement quickly turning to fear. She trembled. B-but youre dead.I could smell the whiskey on her breath, could see her pale neck, with blue veins running beneath her skin, and practically swooned. But I d idnt touch her with my teeth. Not yet. I savored the feeling of her in my arms, the sweet relief that what Id fagged the last moments insatiably craving was right in my hands.Shhh , I murmured. Everything will be all right.I allowed my lips to graze her w teare skin, marveling at how sweet and musky it was. The anticipation was exquisite. Then, when I couldnt take it anymore, I curled my lips and plunged my teeth into her neck. Her blood rushed against my teeth, my gums, spurting into my body, bringing with it warmth and strength and life. I sucked hungrily, pausing only when Alice went rub in my arms and her heartbeat slowed to a dull thud. I wiped my mouth and looked down at her unconscious body, admiring my handiwork two neat holes in her neck, safe a few centimeters in diameter.She wasnt dead yet, but I knew she would be soon.I slung Alice over my shoulder, barely feeling the weight and barely feeling my feet hit the ground as I ran through town, into the woods, and back to the quarry.

Sustainability and Waste Management

Waste Management Sustainability is very important when it comes to our environment and the removal of our waste. Why should we remove our waste by rights and what are the benefits of removing of it correctly? For starters leaving waste in the environment set up seriously pervert wildlife kill major ecosystems and so on, not to mention the unsightliness of it and smell in our homes and neighborhoods. there are also great benefits to removing waste right on standardized cost to an individual it can help you save a lot of money.It will obtain are environment clean and full of life and leave the earth separate for future generation. There are three simple ways that close companies use to help decrease the amount of waste we put out in the world and they are reducing, reuse, and recycle. These are three simple ways to better help our environment. Reducing is very simple if we reduce the amount of trash we use there will be less to throw away like using reseal able bags and cont ainers that can be used again or finding ways to not use waste in the eldest place.Reusing is also simple like I stated above using thing over and over again will cut down on the waste we put out. Recycling is well-nighthing that may be more difficult for most people to do but can help tons in waste management recycling is the simple act of taking something that was used and making it into another product that is usable for someone else. When it comes to not disposing of our waste properly and hurting wildlife most people underestimate how much throwing a piece of trash on the cast anchor is really hurting our environment.Most people believe that if I throw this on the ground it should dissolve in a few days but that is not the case it takes up to thirty years for a piece of plastic to dissolve in the ground and over fifty years for a simple six pack holder. Disposing of waste on the ground also brings around critters that are not wanted in our environment like rats and raccoons. So just think about that for a second if there was no such thing as waste management and people simple just discarded of trash in their yards it would take m whatever years for any of that to go away and would probably kill most of what it sits on and be harmful to any animals that come across this stuff not to mention the damage it does to trees and other plants. Leaving trash around also spreads unwanted disuses and can cause personal injury to anyone that comes into contact with it. There are also some major benefits to discarding of waste properly.The more people that recycle the cheaper it gets, also it is much cheaper to recycle than it is to remove waste and start more landfills and add to the ones we already have. When it comes to thrift you some money or leaving the earth better than it was when we got here. Recycling also creates 1. 1 million jobs and grossed 236 billion dollars annually. Every time you recycle you are creating four jobs so the more people who do it creat e more jobs and pump more money into our economy.When we use recycled paper we saving money by buying cheaper paper and not having to cut down more trees, which everyone knows, are very important for the survival of any life. Also recycling steel can provide energy for millions of households around the globe. But also this creates jobs and improves living conditions for everyone. There really are not too many skeptics when it comes to not removing of waste properly but those we dont really know the effects of adding improper waste to our environment.But with a little education on the issue almost everyone would be pro choice on recycling. This issue is a great one because we are talking about our future and need to keep our earth in shape for our future residents and through the act of removing waste properly we can see to it that this happens. There are many ways we can educate the juvenility and our population on why we should continue to use waste management take a leak Cited p age National Recycling Coalition. Waste Management. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. . Work Cited page Citation added Waste Management. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 22 Jan. 2008. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. . Braungart, Michael. Waste Management. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. .

Human and Technology

March 2013 Technopoly Neil Postmans 1992 al-Quran, entitled Technopoly The yield of Culture to Technology, is one that explores the fear of the growing realization that we have become a connection dominated by technology. Although many people in todays day and age would say that technology and the large array of technological advances of the past decade or so, are both a friend and an enemy, in that they have both benefits and downfalls, Postmans book arrives at the topic with a pessimistic celestial horizon of what the dangers of technology is doing to our culture.Postman opens up his book with a story of the fictional character named Thamus. Retelling the story of Thamus is key in that it opens the door to the notion that we should fear large shifts in where we place our perpetrate of nomenclature and its understanding. The story of Thamus describes the reluctance to evolve out of oral tradition into composition essay writer prank. The point Thamus makes is that writing will ultimately hinder people because it will no longer require them to exercise their memory, thus theyd become very forgetful with the things they learn.Technopoly does a great job of putting the reader in the position to stop thinking about all the great things that technology and its advances will do for us, and encourages us to take a look into what these technologies will undo for us as a nation. telegraph is a topic that is discussed in the book. Neil Postmans believes that the telegraphy changed communication forever. Prior to Samuel Morses 1843 invention, information could only travel from one place to another as fast as a see to it could travel. Which around the time of the invention of the telegraph was about 35 mph.This invention thus removed space as an inevitable constraint on the case of information. Telegraphy also changed the communication from a process of understanding into solving a particular problem. Rather than seeing communication as a tuition process needed to develop understanding, this quick and easily accessible information became context-free information, thus in a personal manner making information a commodity. Telegraphy indefinitely drastically changed the history of communication by essentially instigating the next symbolise of the information revolution. In Postmans book, Technopoly is this culture that has deified technology.Although telegraphy is believed to have been what started it, Postman looks at todays culture and what it has become as a result of our infatuation with technology. It has progressed to the point that we have basically create something that can think better than we can, and are now finding that individuals and society as a whole is indeed seeking out and finding role and direction from technology. We, as a nation, used to be controlled by religious and social traditions, but now the sad reality is that human life has been rock-bottom to finding meaning in machines.So in attempting to answer the quest ion of whether or not we are a society dominated by technology, Technopoly makes a clean convincing argument that we in fact are. Looking at how technology has changed how we operate in areas like science, medicine, language, and education, is where we will be able to see the momentous shift that has taken place in the past few decades. In regards to the checkup industry, one example of the effects of technology has been the shift in trust from man to machine.Doctors actually trust blindly what machines and tests have to say about the well being of a patient. Granted there are hundreds of pros that come with these medical advances, but the cons are in fact doctors losing their bedside manner, or their weighing of the patients verbal complaints. Another invalidating effect technology has had on the medical industry is that dehumanization of the patients have become more and more prevalent. Problems are being fixed, rather than patients being cured. In regards to language and scie nce, technology has also had society altering effects.Our language and how we communicate has become digitalized. No long are communities coming together for block parties, but rather they are all friend requesting their neighborhoods Facebook Page. With science, or the industry side of our nation, humans are being replaced with more efficient machines. They cost less to operate and maintain and can be perhaps 1,000 times as productive in a 24 hour period than a human being could be. One last area, in which Technopoly discusses the negative effects that technology is responsible for, is the area of education in our nation.The book states that, knowledge is not a fixed thing but a stage in human development, with a past and future. (Postman 190) This idea then infers the question of, what should technologys role be in education? Education how it was mean to be instills not only knowledge but also a sense of meaning and purpose in a child. Postmans book then argues that computers, a key symbol in Technopoly, undermine this old idea of school. They do so by eliminating a dependency on an educational environment that values group learning, cooperation, and social responsibility.In conclusion, it would be foolish of us to denounce the reality that technology and its advances have brought a world of good into our way of life. Having been aware of this though, we need to also become aware of the fact that as much of a friend as technology has been and always will be to us, it can also be our worst enemy that very well might lead us into a future filled with ignorance. Works Cited Postman, Neil. Technopoly The Surrender Of Culture To Technology. New York Vintage, 1993. Print.

Assessing Young Learners’ Speaking Ability in the Fifth Grade of Three Elementary Schools in Padang Essay

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONA. Background of the Problem Communicative view schooling in incline knowledge makes the focus on English teaching changed. What once became structurally focuse, it now moves toward meaningful language-focused. Students are not asked to memorize structure-based dialogues without penetrating the meaning anyto a greater extent. There are no more grammatically controlled sentences for students meaningless repetition. Dialogues, if used, center around communicative functions and are not normally memorized (Richards & Rodgers, 1986). That makes the teaching of language becomes the core part of English teaching. Just like the big(a)s, boylike learners today are too taught discourse meaningfully and communicatively.However, untried learners have distinctive features compared with adult learners. One of them is children are still developing cognitively, linguistically, socially, emotionally, and tangiblely (Teaching Knowledge Test un probeed Learners Handbo ok for Teachers, 2010). In other words, in teaching speaking to them, teachers exact to consider childrens development of skills in the native language first. untested learners also enjoy rhythmic and repetitive language more than adults do. They are more likely to play with language than adults are, and they can be more effectively engaged through stories and games (Peck, 2009).The divergent techniques and approaches in teaching speaking to young learners bear to different ways in the speaking judicial decision. This is the problem faced by Indonesian young learners teachers nowadays. Most teachers do not know how they should assess their young learners speaking ability some finally choose to skip the speaking assessment and focus on pencil-paper-tests. Thus, this research is conducted to discover and reveal ways of assessing young learners speaking ability.B. Identification of the Problem Based on the background above, the speaking assessment techniques used for young learner s should be different from the adult. It should be suited with their cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional, and physical development. As we looked upon Language opinion Principles and Classroom Practices by Brown (2010) and integrated it with curriculum standard in Indonesia, KTSP 2006, young learners willing be better to be assessed in imitative and intensive speaking categories, such as imitating teachers saying, directed response tasks, read-aloud tasks, and dialogue completion tasks. Alternative assessments such as interviews and conferences can also be applied for them.C. Limitation of the Problem In this research, the problem will be focused on the speaking assessment techniques in the fifth swan of trio selected unsubdivided schools in Padang.D. Formulation of the Problem * What kind of speaking assessment technique used by elementary school English teachers? * wherefore do they use such techniques?E. Purpose of the Research The purpose of this research is to discove r and reveal the technique used by English teachers to assess elementary school students speaking ability.F. Significance of the Research Theoretically, this research is aimed to give a explanation of how speaking assessment for young learners done in Indonesia. Practically, some techniques used by English teachers provided here can be a source of alternative speaking assessment.CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREA. The constitution of Assessment There has been various explanation of what assessment is. Brindley (as stated in Linse, 2005) refers assessment as collecting reading and making judgments on a learners knowledge. It means that in assessing students, we need to find out what students know about the subject being taught and how far that dateing has reached the learning indicator.In the similar line with Brindley but with an addition, Brown (2010) states assessment as an ongoing process of collecting information about a disposed object of interest agree to procedur es that are systematic and substantively grounded. In his statement above, Brown implies that the process of collecting and judging students understanding is not done orderly in one angiotensin-converting enzyme time it is done continuously.Harris and McCann (1994) also give an essential note that in doing assessment teachers have to measure the performance of their students and the progress they make, as well as diagnose the problems they have and provide useful feedback. In other words, collecting and judging students intelligence is not enough finding out what becomes students problem and great(p) advice to them to overcome the problems is also important to create a more successful learning process.Based on the theories above, it can be seen that assessment bespeaks collecting information about students knowledge and judging their understanding in order to diagnose the learning problems they have so that students can get useful feedback to be more-successful learners.B. The Na ture of speech production As stated in the previous chapter, todays English teaching focuses more on communicative purpose of language learning than in the past. It leads to the more important consideration of speaking skills than in previous time. Just like assessment, there is also various definition of speaking. One of them is from spit Links (1998) that defines speaking as productive skill in the oral mode that involves more than just pronouncing words. Referring to todays communicative view, of course speaking cannot be thought as just pronouncing words it needs to be meaningful, and communicative.Furthermore, Noonan (2003) states that, if pronunciation included, speaking involves three areas mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary), functions (transaction and interaction), and social cultural norms and rules (turn-taking, rate of speech, etc). alone of them are connected to each other and prove that speaking is not only about what is uttered, but also the meaning and social purpose.C. The Nature of Young Learners Young learner is a child who is in their first six year of formal education, from age 6 to 12 (Teaching Knowledge Test Young Learners Handbook for Teachers, 2010). Many experts argue that it is beneficial to teach the children English since young age. TKT Young Learners (2010) notes one of the advantages that those children will have positive self-esteem toward English and it will answer them to learn English more once they are adult. That is why teaching English to young learners considered important today. However, young learners have characteristics that make them different from the adults (Teaching Knowledge Test Young Learners Handbook for Teachers, 2010).First, they are still mby word of mouth, cognitively, psychologically developed. Based on Piagets theory of cognitive development, children in age 6-12 geezerhood old are still in concrete operational thought stage, they already have the ability to do logical reasoning and u nderstand reversibility with the help of concrete objects (Santrock, 1998). It means that explaining theory will not do for them, we need to make them move, do games, sing, etc. Second, young learners often have no distinct reason for learning English. Unlike adults who want to do it because of the career-related reasons or teenagers that do it to pass an exam, young learners do not have concrete reason why they must learn English. However, it does not mean they are not motivated to learn English their goodwill, energy, and curiosity to learning overcome that.Third, they may not unceasingly have well-developed literacy skills to support their learning of English. Many children in the age of 6-12 years old are just getting to know their first language. It means that as a teacher we need to not have too-high expectation and do more. Fourth, young learners often learn slowly and forget quickly. It is related to the first characteristic that young learners are still developed morally, socially, and cognitively. Their still-ongoing developments in those basic things make them forget easily and learn slowly. This is why songs, agmes, and chants do best for them. D. Principles of Assessing Young Learners agree to METU Open Course Ware (2006), principles of assessing childrens language learning are1. Assessment should be seen from a learning-centered perspective. It means that we cannot get a true assessment by testing kids what they can do alone. It has been stated by many experts that the aim of learning English is to be able to communicate meaningfully in English. Testing students, let alone young children, as a tool to get true assessment will not congruent with the real goal of English learning and it will just be wasting time.2. Assessment should support learning and teaching. This is something that is not also becomes a problem with young learners, but also with the adult. Before performance-based assessment is introduced, teachers chose paper-and-pencil tes ts as their source of assessing (Puppin, 2006). It becomes a problematic then since students do not see the connection between the learning and the test they are doing, they see them as two different incongruent things. If the assessment done is congruent with the learning they did, children will feel that what they have learned is useful.3. Children and parents should understand assessment issues. Their understanding will make the assessment process more meaningful since they can participate and supports greatly on behave of childrens English development. On the other hand, if they do not understand why the teacher does this and that, there will be no good communication between these three subjects to help childrens development.E. Techniques of Speaking Assessment Brown (2010) states some techniques of speaking assessment based on students language development level Imitative Speaking This kind of assessment is intended to see whether students can imitate saying in English correct ly. Eventhough it focuses on the accuracy of repeating words, it does not mean that it cannot be communicative and meaningful. Besides, in recent years many experts have discovered that an overemphasis on fluency can sometimes lead to the decline of accuracy in speech.Intensive Speaking There are four tasks in this kind of assessing directed response task, oral questionnaire, and picture-cued task. In oral questionnaires, students are first given time to read the dialogue to get its main idea and to think about the appropriate lines to fill in. Then, as the tape, teacher produces one part orally the students respond. In directed response task, students elicit a particular grammatical form of a transformation of a sentence. Such tasks are clearly automatonlike and not communicative, but they do require minimal processing of meaning in order to produce the correct grammatical output.Picture-cued task requires a description from the students. Pictures may be very simple, designed to e licit a word or a phrase, or composed of a series that tells a paper or incident. This task is meaningful since sometime a little sense of humor is injected.Responsive Speaking Assessment of responsive tasks involves brief interactions with an interlocutor, differing from intensive tasks in increased creativity given to the student and from interactive tasks by somewhat limited length of utterances. The kinds of this assessment are question and answer, giving instructions and directions, and paraphrasing. Questions and answers involve oral interaction with teacher.

The Indigo Spell Chapter Twenty-Two

I OPENED MY EYES, groggy from the sudden shock of being pulled out of the dream. My body felt sluggish, and I squinted against the light. The lamp Id left on last night clock time was joined by sunlight streaming in through the window, tho my ph unrivaleds display still showed a freakishly early hour. Someone knocked at my door, and I cognize that was what had woken me up. I ran a hand through my disheveled hair and rose unsteadily from the stern.If she needs a geography tutor now, I genuinely am passing game to Mexico, I mutte cherry-red. just now when I opened the door, it wasnt Angeline standing outside my door. It was Jill.Some involvement big just adventureed, she express, hurrying in.Not to me it didnt.If she noniced my annoyance, she didnt show it. In fact, as I studied her more closely, I realized she probably had no idea (yet) close what had happened between Adrian and me. From what Id learned, spirit dreams werent shared through the seize unless the shadow- tou ched person was directly brought into it.I sighed and sit down on my bed again, wishing I could go venture to sleep. The heat and excitement of the dream was fading, and for the well-nigh part I felt tired now. Whats wrong?Angeline and Trey.I groaned. Oh, lord. Whats she done to him now?Jill assembletled into my desk chair and launch on a steely hold rump of resolve. wh sire inver was coming was bad. She well-tried to get him to sneak into our dorm last night.What? I really did need more sleep because my brain was having trouble understanding the argument behind that. Shes non that dedicated to her math grade . . . is she?Jill gave me a wry look. Sydney, they werent working on math.Then why were they oh. Oh no. I fell backward onto the bed and stared up at the ceiling. No. This bay windowt be happening.I already tried hypothesizeing that to myself, she told me. It doesnt help.I rolled over to my side so that I could look at her again. Okay, assuming this is true, how long has it been going on?I dont notice. Jill sounded as tired as me and a lot more exasperated. You know how she is. I tried to get answers out of her, but she kept going on about how it wasnt her fault and how it just happened.Whatd Trey say? I asked.I n eer got a chance to talk to him. He got hauled away as soon as they were caught. She smiled, but there wasnt much humor in it. On the ingenious side, he got in a lot more trouble than she did, so we dont lose to take about her getting expelled.Oh no. Do we deport to worry about him getting expelled?I dont think back so. I heard about other battalion trying this, and they just get detention for life. Or something. atrophied blessing. Angeline was in detention so much that theyd at least have bonding time. Well, whence(prenominal) I guess there isnt much to be done. I mean, the emotional fallouts going to be a mess, of personal credit line.Well . . . Jill shifted nervously. Thats just it. You see, first Eddie needs to b e told I shot up out of my bed. I am not doing that.Oh, of course not. No one would ever expect you to do that. I wasnt so sure but permit her continue. Angelines going to. Its the right thing to do.Yes. . . . I still wasnt letting down my guard.But mortal still needs to talk to Eddie afterward, she explained. Its going to be hard on him, you know? He shouldnt be left alone. He needs a fri check.Arent you his friend? I asked.She flushed. Well, yeah, of course. But I dont know that itd be right since . . . well, you know how I aroma about him. Better to have someone more reasonable and objective. Besides, I dont know if Id do a good job or not.Probably conk out than me.Youre better at that stuff than you think. Youre able to bring forth things clear and Jill suddenly froze. Her eyes widened a little, and for a moment, it was deal she was notice something I couldnt see. No, I realized a moment later. There was no resembling about it. That was exactly what she was doing. She was having one of those moments where she was in sync with Adrians mind. I proverb her blink and slowly atmosphere back into my room. Her eyes focused on me, and she paled. Just like that, I knew that she knew.Rose had said that sometimes in the bond, you could sift through someones recent memories evening if you hadnt actually been tuned into the bond at that moment. As Jill looked at me, I could tell shed seen it all, boththing that had happened with Adrian last night. It was hard to say which of us was more horrified. I replayed everything Id done and said, every compromising position Id literally and figuratively put myself in. Jill had just seen me do things no one else ever had well, except for Adrian, of course. And what had she actually felt? What it was like to kiss me? To run her his? hands over my body?It was a situation I had in no way prepared for. My occasional indiscretions with Adrian had come through to Jill as well, but wed all brushed those off me in parti cular. Last night, however, had taken things to a whole new level, one that left both Jill and me stunned and speechless. I was mortified that shed seen me so weak and exposed, and the protective part of me was worried that shed seen anything like that at all, period.She and I stared at each other, lost in our own sights, but Jill recovered first. She turned even redder than when shed mentioned Eddie and practically leapt out of the chair. Turning her eyes away from mine, she hurried to the door. Um, I should go, Sydney. Sorry to bother you so early. It probably couldve waited. Angelines going to talk to Eddie this morning, so whenever you get a chance to find him, you know, thatd be great. She took a deep breath and opened the door, still refusing to make eye contact. Ive gotta go. fulfill you later. Sorry again.Jill She shut the door, and I sank back into the bed, unable to stand. It was official. Whatever residual heat and lust Id felt from being with Adrian last night had com pletely vanished in the wake of Jills expression. Until that moment, I hadnt really and truly understood what it meant to be knotty with someone who was bonded. Everything Adrian said to me, she heard. Every emotion he had for me, she experienced. Every time he kissed me, she felt it. . . .I thought I might be sick. How had Rose and Lissa handled this? Somewhere in my addled mind, I recalled Rose saying shed learned to trap out a lot of Lissas experiences but it had taken a few years to figure it out. Adrian and Jill had only been bonded for a few months.The shock of understanding what Jill had seen guide a shadow over everything that had been sensual and thrilling last night. I felt like I had been on display. I felt cheap and dirty, in particular as I remembered my own role in instigating things. That sickening line uping in my stomach increased, and there was no stopping the avalanche of thoughts that soon followed.Id let myself spin out of control last night, carried away b y desire. I shouldnt have done any of that and not just because Adrian was a Moroi (though that was certainly sturdy too). My life was about reason and logic, and Id thrown all of that out the window. They were my strengths, and in casting them aside, Id become weak. Id been high on the freedom and risks Id experienced last night, not to mention intoxicated by Adrian and how hed said I was beautiful and brave and ridiculously smart. Id melted when hed looked at me in that absurd dress. Knowing hed involveed me had lost my thoughts, making me want him too. . . .There was no part of this that was okay.With great effort, I dragged myself from the bed and managed to pick out some clothes for the day. I staggered to the shower like a zombie and stayed in for so long that I missed breakfast. It didnt matter. I couldnt have eaten anything anyway not with all the emotions that were churning inside me. I barely spoke to anyone as I walked through the halls, and it wasnt until I sat down in Ms. Terwilligers class that I finally remembered there were other people in the world with their own problems.Specifically, Eddie and Trey.I was certain there was no way they could be as traumatized as Jill and I were by last nights events. But it was obvious both guys had had a rough morning. Neither one spoke or do eye contact with others. I think it was the first time Id ever seen Eddie neglect his surroundings. The bell cut me off before I had a chance to say anything, and I spent the rest of class watching them with concern. They didnt look like they were going to engage in any testosterone-driven madness, so that was a good sign. I felt bad for both of them especially Eddie, whod been wronged the nearly and worrying on their behalf helped distract me from my own woes. A little.When class ended, I wanted to talk to Eddie first, but Ms. Terwilliger intercepted me. She handed me a large yellow windbag that felt like it had a book inside. There was no end to the spells I h ad to learn. Some of the things we discussed, she told me. Tend to them as soon as you get the chance.I will, maam. I slipped the envelope into my bag and glanced more or less for Eddie. He was gone.Trey was in my next class, and I took my usual seat beside him. He gave me a sidelong look and then turned away.So, I said.He shook his head. Dont start.Im not starting anything.He stayed silent a few moments and then turned back to me, a frantic look in his eyes. I didnt know, I swear. About her and Eddie. She never mentioned it, and obviously, they dont talk about it around here. I never wouldve done that to him. You have to conceive that.I did. No matter what Treys other faults were, he was good-hearted and honest. If anyone was at fault for bad behavior here, it was Angeline.Im actually more surprised that youd get involved with someone like her, period. I didnt need to elaborate that someone like her referred to her being a dhampir.Trey put his head on his desk. I know, I know. It all just happened so fast. One day shes throwing a book at me. The next, were making out behind the library.Ugh. Thats a little more information than I needed. Glancing up, I saw that our chemistry teacher was still getting organized, giving Trey and me a little more time. What are you going to do now?What do you think? I have to end it. I shouldnt have let it get this far.The Sydney from three months ago would have said of course he needed to end it. This one said, Do you like her?Yes, I He paused and then lowered his voice. I think I love her. Is that nutty? After only a few weeks?No I dont know. Im not really good at understanding that stuff. And by not really good, I actually meant terrible. But if you feel like that . . . maybe . . . maybe you shouldnt throw it away.Treys eyes widened, and surprise completely replaced his blue mood. Are you serious? How can you say that? Especially you of all people. You know how it is. Youve got the same rules as us.I could hardly believe what I was saying. Her people dont, and they seem to be fine.For a moment, I thought I saw a flicker of hope in his eyes, but then he shook his head again. I cant, Sydney. You know I cant. It would ultimately end in disaster. Theres a reason our kinds dont mix. And if my family ever found out . . . God. I cant even imagine. Thered be no way Id ever get back in.Do you really want to?He didnt answer that. Instead, he just told me, It cant work. Its over. Id never seen him look so miserable.Class started, and that ended the discussion.Eddie wasnt in our cafeteria at lunch. Jill sat with Angeline at a corner table and looked as though she was delivering a stern lecture. Maybe Jill hadnt felt comfortable consoling Eddie, but she certainly had no problem speaking out on his behalf. I didnt really want to hear Angelines excuses or meet Jills eyes, so I grabbed a sandwich and ate outside. I didnt have enough time to check Eddies cafeteria, so I sent him a text.Want to go out for coffee la ter?Dont feel sorry for me, he responded. I hadnt known if hed answer at all, so that was something.I just want to talk. Please.His next text wasnt nearly so fast, and I could almost imagine his mental battle. Okay, but after dinner. I have a study group. A moment later, he added, Not Spencers. Trey worked at Spencers.Now that the Angeline drama was on hold, I was able to return to my own messed-up love life. I couldnt shake that image of Jills expression. I couldnt for relieve oneself myself for losing control. And now, I had Treys speech bouncing around my head. It would eventually end in disaster. Theres a reason our kinds dont mix.As though summoned by my thoughts, Adrian texted me. You want to get the dragon forthwith?Id forgotten all about the callistana. Hed stayed with Adrian during my St. Louis trip, and now it was my turn. Since Adrian couldnt transform him back into quartz, the dragon had been in his true form all weekend.Sure, I wrote back.My stomach was in knots when I litter to Adrians place later. Id had the rest of the day to think about my options, and Id finally reached an extreme one.When he opened the door, his guinea pig was aglow until he saw mine. His expression alter to equal parts exasperation and sadness. Oh no. Here it comes, he said.I stepped inside. Here what comes?The part where you tell me last night was a mistake and that we cant ever do it again. I looked away. That was exactly what Id been going to say. Adrian, you know this cant work.Because Moroi and humans cant be together? Because you dont feel the same way about me?No, I said. Well, not entirely. Adrian . . . Jill saw it all.For a moment, he didnt seem to understand. What do you oh. Shit.Exactly.I never even think of that anymore. He sat down on the couch and stared off into space. The callistana came scurrying into the room and perched on the arm of the couch. I mean, I know it happens. We even talked about it with other girls. She understands.Understands? I excla imed. Shes fifteen You cant subject her to that.Maybe you were an innocent at fifteen, but Jills not. She knows how the world works.I couldnt believe what I was hearing. Well, Im not one of your other girls I see her every day. Do you know how hard it was to grammatical case her? Do you know what it feels like to know she saw me doing that? And, God, what if thered been more?So, whats this mean exactly? he asked. You finally come around, and now youre going to just end things because of her?Kissing you isnt exactly coming around.He gave me a long, level look. There was a lot more than kissing, Miss Im a Quick StudyI tried not to show how embarrassed I was about that now. And thats exactly why this is all over. Im not going to let Jill see that again.So you admit it could happen again?Theoretically, yes. But Im not going to give us the chance.Youre going to avoid ever being alone with me again?Im going to avoid you, period. I took a deep breath. Im going to go with Marcus to Mexico. What? Adrian jumped up and strode over to me. I immediately backed up. What happened to you working undercover?That only works if I can stay undercover You think I can pull that off if Im sneaking around with you?Youre with me half the time already I couldnt tell if he was angry or not, but he was clearly upset. Nobody notices. Well be careful.All it takes is one slipup, I said. And I dont know if I can depone myself anymore. I cant risk the Alchemists finding out about you and me. I cant risk exposing Jill to what wed do together. Theyll send another Alchemist to look after her, and hopefully Stanton will take precautions against the Warriors.Jill knows I cant put my life on hold.You should, I snapped.Now he was angry. Well, youd know all about that since youre an expert in denying yourself the things you want. And now youre going to permit the country to make sure you can deprive yourself even more.Yes, exactly. I walked over to the callistana and spoke the incantation that turn ed him back into his inert form. I put the crystal into my purse and summoned all my will to give Adrian the coldest look I could manage. It must have been a powerful one because he looked as though Id slapped him. Seeing that pain on his face made my heart break. I didnt want to hurt him. I didnt want to leave him But what choice did I have? There was too much at stake.This is done. Ive made my choice, Adrian, I said. Im leaving this weekend, so please dont make it any more difficult than it has to be. Id like us to be friends. The way I spoke made it sound like we were closing a business arrangement.I walked haulard the door, and Adrian hurried after me. I couldnt bear to face the agony in his eyes, and it took all my resolve not to avert my gaze. Sydney, dont do this. You know its wrong. Deep inside, you know it is.I didnt answer. I couldnt answer. I walked away, forcing myself not to look back. I was too afraid my resolve would falter and that was exactly why I needed to leave Palm Springs. I wasnt right around him anymore. No one could be allowed to have that kind of power over me.All I wanted to do after that was hide in my room and cry. For a week. But there was never any rest for me. It was always about others, with my feelings and dreams shoved off to the side. Consequently, I wasnt in the best position to give Eddie romantic advice when we met up that night. Fortunately, he was too caught up in his own emotions to notice mine.I should never have gotten involved with Angeline, he told me. We were at a coffee shop across town that was called Bean There, Done That. Hed ordered hot chocolate and had been stirring it for almost an hour.You didnt know, I said. It was hard maintaining my half of the confabulation when I kept seeing the pain in Adrians eyes. You couldnt have known especially with her. Shes unpredictable.And thats why I shouldnt have done it. He finally set the spoon down on the table. Relationships are dangerous enough without getting i nvolved with someone like her. And I dont have time for that kind of distraction Im here for Jill, not me. I should never have let myself get caught up in this.Theres nothing wrong with wanting to be with someone, I said diplomatically. Unless that person turns your world upside down and makes you lose all self-control.Maybe when Ive retired, Ill have the time. I couldnt tell if he was serious or not. But not right now. Jills my priority.I had no business playing matchmaker, but I had to try. Have you ever thought about seriously being with Jill? I know you used to like her. And I was absolutely certain he still did.Thats out of the question, he said fiercely. And you know it. I cant think of her like that.She thinks about you like that. The words slipped out before I could stop them. After my own romantic disaster today, a part of me longed for at least someone to be happy. I didnt want anyone else hurting the way I did.He froze. She . . . no. Theres no way.She does.A whole range of emotions played through Eddies eyes. Disbelief. Hope. Joy. And then . . . resignation. He picked up the spoon again and returned to his compulsive stirring.Sydney, you know I cant. You of all people know what its like to have to focus on your work. This was the scrap time today someone had said you of all people to me. I guess everyone had a preconceived idea of who I was.You should at least think about it, I said. Watch her the next time youre together. See how she reacts.He looked as though he might consider it, which I took as a small victory. Suddenly, alarm flashed on his face. Whatever happened with you and Marcus? The St. Louis trip? Did you find out anything about Jill?I chose my next words very carefully, both because I didnt want to alarm him and because I didnt want him taking some drastic action that could accidentally reveal my dealings with Marcus. We found some evidence that the Warriors have talked to the Alchemists, but nothing that shows theyre working together or have actual plans for her. Ive also taken some steps to make sure shes protected.I hadnt heard anything from Stanton today and wasnt sure if that last part would actually pan out. Eddie looked relieved, though, and I couldnt bear to stress him out any further today. His gaze shifted to something behind me, and he pushed the unaffected hot chocolate away. Time for us to go.I looked back at a clock and saw he was right. We still had a comfortable window before curfew, but I didnt want to push it. I finished off the last of my coffee and followed him out. The sun was sinking into the horizon, coloring the sky red and purple. The temperature had finally cooled off to normal levels, but it still didnt feel like winter to me. Thered been a bunch of badly parked cars in the front of the lot, so Id parked Latte in the back in case some careless person opened a door too fast.Thanks for the righteous support, Eddie told me. Sometimes it feels like you really are a sister That was when my car change integrity. Sort of.I have to admit Eddies response time was amazing. He threw me to the ground, protect my body with his. The boom had been deafening, and I cried out as some sort of foam landed on the side of my face.Foam?Cautiously, Eddie rose, and I followed. My car hadnt exploded in flames or anything like that. Instead, it was filled with some sort of white substance that had blasted out with such force that it had blown the doors off and scurvy the windows. We both approached the mess, and behind us, I heard people coming out of the coffee shop.What the hell? asked Eddie.I touched some of the foam on my face and rubbed my fingertips together. Its sort of like the stuff youd find in a fire extinguisher, I said.How did it get in your car? he asked. And how did it get there so fast? I glanced over at it when we first walked out. Youre the chemical expert. Could some reaction have happened that fast?Maybe, I admitted. At the moment, I was too shock to really run a ny formulas. I rested a hand against Lattes hood and wanted to burst into tears. My emotions were at a breaking point. My poor car. runner Adrians, now mine. Why do people do stuff like this?Vandals dont care, said a voice beside me. I glanced over and saw one of the baristas, an quondam(a) man who I believed was the owner. Ive seen stuff like this before. Damn kids. Ill call the police for you. He took out his cell yell and backed away.I dont know if well make curfew now, I told Eddie.He gave me a sympathetic pat on the back. I think if you show a police report at the dorm, theyll be voiced with you.Yeah, I hope that ugh. The police. I hurried over to the passenger side and stared bleakly at the wall of foam.Whats wrong? Eddie asked. I mean, aside from the obvious.I have to get to the glove compartment. I lowered my voice. Theres a gun in there.He did a double take. A what?I said no more, and he helped me dig through the foam. Both of us ended up covered in it by the time I re ached the compartment. Making sure no one was behind us, I quickly retrieved the gun and slipped it into my messenger bag. I was about to shut the lid when something shiny caught my eye.Thats impossible, I said.It was my cross, the gold one Id lost. I grabbed it and then immediately dropped it, yelping in pain. The metal had burned me. Considering the foamy substance was cool, it didnt seem likely it had heated up the cross. I wrapped my sleeve around my hand and gingerly picked up the cross again.Eddie peered over my shoulder. You wear that all the time.I nodded and continued staring at the cross. A terrible feeling began to spread out over me. I found a tissue in my purse and wrapped the cross up before adding it to the bag. Then I retrieved my cell phone and dialed Ms. Terwilliger. Voice mail. I hung up without leaving a message.Whats going on? asked Eddie.Im not sure, I said. But I think its bad.I hadnt yet veritable the ability to sense magical residue, but I was almost certa in something had been done to the cross, something that had resulted in Lattes foamy demise. Alicia hadnt been able to find the cross. Had Veronica doubled back and taken it? If so, how had she located me? I knew personal items could be used to track back to a person, though the most common ones were hair and nails. As mod as Veronica was, it was very likely an object like this cross would serve just as well.Veronica might very well have found me. But if so, why vandalize my car instead of sucking out my life?The police came soon thereafter and took our statements. They were followed by a tow truck. I could tell from the drivers face that it wasnt looking good for Latte. He hauled my poor car away, and then one of the officers was nice enough to return Eddie and me to Amberwood. Against all odds, we made it back just in time.As soon as I got to my room, I tried Ms. Terwilliger again. Still no answer.I emptied out my bag onto my bed and found it had gathered a number of items toda y. One of them was a donut Id picked up at the coffee shop. I put it and the quartz crystal into the aquarium and summoned the callistana. He immediately went after the donut.I found the cross and discovered it was now cool. Whatever spell it had been used in was gone. The gun was near it, and I quickly hid that back in the bag. That left Ms. Terwilligers envelope, which Id neglected all day. Maybe if I hadnt been so distracted by personal matters, I could have deliver Latte.I pulled the latest spell book out of the envelope and heard something jangle. I removed the book and then saw another, smaller envelope inside. I pulled it out and read a message Ms. Terwilliger had written on the side Heres another charm to mask your magical ability, just in case. Its one of the most powerful out there and took a lot of work, so be careful with it.That same guilt I always felt about her share me returned. I opened the small envelope and found a silver star pendant set with peridots. I gasped .I had seen this charm before, this powerful and fastidiously made charm that could allegedly hide strong magical ability.I had seen it around Alicias neck.

Definitions of HRM Essay

Introduction and Overview Definitions of HRM. The employment relationship. Commitment and control. Internal fit. Textbook Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart and Wright (2012) Human Resource Management Gaining a competitory Advantage. Chapter 1, pp. 2-68. Examples of exam questions How and why has the role of the HR department been changing in Western firms since the 1980s? How far and for what reasons would you agree that the debate over the dissentences between HRM and violence management is all hot air? rebuke 2 Analysis and Design of WorkJob analysis Job design employee involvement bore circles team plowing Textbook Competitive Advantage. Chapter 4, pp. 154-190. Examples of exam questions Who benefits from employee involvement? Compare quality circles and team working with regards to their impact on the economic outcomes of a company. reprimand 3 Personnel Selection Selection criteria, Big-5 personality dimensions, selection methods, predictive validity, reliability Textbook Competiti ve Advantage. Chapter 6, pp. 230-267. Examples of past exam questions critically discuss the recitation of interviews as a primary basis for selection decisions.What criteria should be considered in selecting new employees to support firm performance? How do interviews fare in evaluating these criteria? bother 4 Performance appraisal Competitive Advantage. Chapter 8, 338-393. Examples of past exam questions Critically evaluate performance appraisal at work. What are the purposes of conducting performance appraisals? How might appraisals differ depending on the purpose? Lecture 5 Pay Systems Content of pay systems selecting pay systems pay and firm performance pay outcomes for employees. Textbook Competitive Advantage. Chapter 1 1, pp. 0-519. Examples of exam questions Which factors should HR managers take into account in designing a fair pay system? Evaluate options for the design of pay systems for different employee groups. Lecture 6 Human Resource Planning, Flexibility and Turn over Human resource planning the model of the flexible firm contingent employment temporary work employee turnover Textbook Competitive Advantage. Chapter 5, pp. 191-211 and Chapter 10, pp. 440-478. Examples ot exam questions Temporary agency workers are hired to protect the employment security of the core workforce.Discuss critically. Contingent workers still the use of high commitment management systems. Discuss. Lecture 7 Strategic Human Resource Management Best Practices vs. Best Fit Strategic HRM models of HRM outflank practice and business strategy models Textbook Competitive Advantage. Chapter 2, pp. 70-105. Examples of exam questions Evaluate the relationship between the business and the human resource management strategy of a firm. Contrast and evaluate the concepts of horizontal and vertical fit in human resource management.Lecture 8 Strategic HRM The Resource- ased View and Stakeholder Models Continuation of lecture 7 strategic HRM resource-based view institutional / st akeholder perspectives on HRM Textbook To what extent do managers have a strategic choice with regards to human resource management? Critically discuss the implications of the resource-based view of the firm for designing HRM strategies. Lecture 9 Equal Employment Opportunities Competitive Advantage. Chapter 3, pp. 106-153. Examples of past exam questions Do women have equal opportunities at work? What actions might employers take to address any inequalities?Evaluate human capital theoretical explanations of the gender earnings gap. Lecture 10 Industrial transaction Introduction to industrial relations purposes of collective organization effects of unions recent trends in industrial relations Textbook Competitive Advantage. Chapter 14, pp. 598-647. Examples of exam questions What are the consequences of a lack of effective worker representation, be it through trade unions or some other form of worker representation at the workplace? why do workers Join trade unions and what are the effects of union activity? How has this changed in liberal market economies in recent years?

Psycho Analysis

ysispsychotic person Final Analysis Joel Schain engage and Literature Period 3 10/2/12 Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho has been ranked as mavin of the top 10 best horror/suspense films of all time because of his unique direction of filmmaking. Some of the many significant cinematic elements uses include internal diegetic speech sound, and dissolving. Internal diegetic sound was used end-to-end Hitchcocks Psycho to create the illusion that Norman Bates mother was still alive. moreover at the very(prenominal) end of the film do you find out what actually happened to Normans mother, and throughout the film the audience is wondering when they will get to match the vocalization with her face.The internal diegetic sound appears to be Normans mother talking to him, when really its just him talking to himself. This military issue leads the viewer to think that Normans mother is this unstable, controlling, psycho murderer when really its Norman all along and he just cant accept the fact tha t shes really gvirtuoso. In the last impression Norman is asked a headway in his prison cell and the voice of his mother replies, indicating that the mother part of him has consumed his personality.Another important cinematic element used in Psycho is the purpose change technique. At the very end of the film when Norman Bates is sitting in his prison cell, he slowing lifts up his head and grins, then it slowly dissolves into the face of his dead mothers corpse, display the viewers that they are now one. The question you find yourself asking throughout the film is, Who is the murderer? That question is answered at the very end when Norman and his mother dissolve into one face, proving that Norman was the crazy one all along.Psycho AnalysisThe Shower word picture from Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho is a crucial aspect in the plot of the film. The scene itself bespeaks the death of the important Protagonist, Marion. In this essay I am liberation to explore the Shower sentiment in detail and show how Alfred Hitchcock created the excitement present in the scene as much by technique as by Action and I will show how the scene is so important to Psycho as a whole. Perhaps the roughly distinguishing feature of Psycho is the score to the Shower medical prognosis. The composer accountable for it is Bernard Herrmann.The Action of the scene is very fast-paced and the Music present in the scene is a direct reflection of this. The instruments present all belong to the String family cello, Violin, Viola and the copy Bass are all present in the paroxysm. This creates a very peculiar sound, no face instruments to create the usual Noise affiliated with action and no Woodwind to soften the sound and tranquillize things down. The sound is very rough, the high, screeching Violins create excitement as the action becomes more frenzied, so do the Violins.Each knife blow is accompanied by screams by the high violins. This goes on for the duration of the attack, in that lo cation is no relent until Marion is dead. This leaves the earreach lost, confused as to what exactly is going on in mien of their eyes. The screaming emitted from Marion and the Violins is almost in-sync. The excitement is carried very well, the Strings are consistently battering the Audiences eardrums with incredibly high notes, and the Strings come in fast with the knife strokes allowing no rest by the Audience.As the attacker departs and Marion slowly slides down the wall and into the bath in her dying moments, heavy Cello and Double Bass movements apprehendm to drag her body down. The serene sound of a Shower opens and closes the Scene. This makes the Audience uneasy. It makes the Audience realise that all of this action is taking place in the most normal of places, the Bathroom. The peter out gurgles at the end of the Scene Marions life is effectively going down the drain. This is one factor of how the Excitement of the Shower Scene is created as much by Technique as by Act ion or Dialogue.Another Technique used to create Excitement in the Shower Scene is the way the Scene itself was Edited. The Scene is very, very fast-paced. Action is rife and the editing of the Scene carries this. The Shots quickly offer between the knife, Marion and her attacker, Mrs. Bates. This is very skilful editing as over 75 shots are used in the Scene, all skilfully snapping into the next. The fast snapping of the Shots helps the Actors in their quest to convey extreme violence on-screen. The Shots themselves seem to be frenzied, bloodthirsty in their constant snapping.The Audience is bombarded by various different images, this makes them very confused. This is what Hitchcock envisaged. The Audience cannot focusing clearly on anything in the screen as nothing appears long enough to become an anchorperson of sorts. The Audience are left confused, afraid of whats actually happening. Even when the attacker departs, we do not focus on Marion long enough to take in the damage she has most certainly suffered at the hands of Mrs. Bates. The shots continually snap to various objects of interest around the room, eventually panning slowly around and into her room.The bullion is very clearly focused on at the very end of the Scene. We know that the money has not been touched this throws the Audience even more. They are now deeply afraid as this was, clearly, not a murder to get the money. The Audience are left to try and figure the motive out on their own. This Scene lasts for around 45 seconds, but contains over 75 Shots. This is very skilful editing. This clever editing is another way Alfred Hitchcock conveys the Excitement in the Shower Scene as much by Technique as by Action or Dialogue. A very peculiar aspect of this Scene is the Setting.Hitchcock modishly used the seemingly ordinary bathroom as the place of the brutal murder of the Audiences anchor to the plot of Psycho. Before Psycho was released, no Film Audience had seen a Bathroom, in full, in a Fi lm. Psycho changed all that. Hitchcock used the ordinaries of the Bathroom to cause massive unease in his Audience. To the mint of the 1960s, a Bathroom was a Sanctuary. It was a place you could go to be your most vulnerable, a very private space. While in the Bathroom you are very vulnerable, but most people do not think of that when inside. When showering, you are naked.You are as vulnerable as the day you were born, no clothe to hide or protect you from the outside world. You are defenceless whilst showering and to a 1960s Audience, to show a Bathroom on screen would be the height of disgust. For Alfred Hitchcock to use a Bathroom as the messiness of a brutal murder was completely unexpected. Never before had a toilet been shown in a film, never mind a woman being murdered in her Shower. This caused huge controversy in the Public, just as Hitchcock had intended. People were left unsettled to see a woman at her most vulnerable being killed.This was the biggest intrusion on some ones personal and private spaces ever shown in front of an Audience. This use of Setting to unsettle greatly enhanced the excitement in the Shower Scene by creating fear. This is another method used by Hitchcock to create Excitement in the Shower Scene as much by Technique as by Action or Dialogue. The Shower Scene in Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho is important to the film as a whole due to the main protagonist, Marion being murdered. This leaves the Audience without an anchor in the Plot and were forced to search for another to see where the story will lead us next.Were later introduced to Norman Bates point of view in the story and he replaces Marion as our anchor in Psycho. However, the Audience remains suspicious of Norman so he does not take on the role of protagonist like Marion. In this essay I take over explored the Shower Scene in detail and shown how Alfred Hitchcock created the excitement present in the Scene as much by Techniques, such as Editing and Music, as by Action and D ialogue. I have also, in my opinion, shown how important the Scene is to the film as a whole.

Accomplished Senior Level Accountant Resume Essay

SENIOR control / AUDITORAccomplished Senior Level Accountant with exceptional analytical skills and in-depth knowledge of internal controls concepts. expertise in conducting operational and financial audited accounts and identifies and implements business process improvements. Effectively writes recommendations to strengthen internal controls resulting in better operational efficiencies. Excellent communication skills.Fluent in English & Chinese CORE KNOWLEDGE AREAS inner Controls Superb Organizational /Analysis Skills Staff Development & Training Policies / Procedures Operational / Financial Audits Team leadingRELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE, Chicago, IL 2001-PresentAuditor-in-Charge (2006-Present)Staff Auditor (2001-2006)As Auditor-in-Charge, conducts audits through nut walkthroughs of accounting processes, internal control evaluation and testing, risk assessments high level analytical review, business organization and strategy analysis, and con sideration of fraud. Develops audit procedures.Developed and maintains the audit budget, tracking any deviation and reporting it to the Supervisor.Prepares audit summary reports with documented audit findings and recommendations.Facilitate information requests from audit team members to accounting personnel ensuring a smooth workflow process. Mentors new hires on career development through on-the-job training.In the capacitance of Staff Auditor, conducted financial audits of large insurance companies such as Allstate Insurance keep company, Zurich Life Insurance Company and Country Insurance Company.Successfully audited over 30 various companies and performed substantive audit procedures to test the rigor of financial information. Documented audit procedures and testing conclusions.Analyzed/validated financial data regarding material assets, earn worth, liabilities, income and expenses.Verified large amounts of asset and liability account balances in excess of $1 billion.Provide d corrective actions for companies to invalidate fines and license suspensions.ADDITIONAL WORK EXPERIENCECENTER FOR ECONOMIC PROGRESS, (City/State) 2003-PresentVoluntary Tax PreparerPrepared federal official and state income tax returns using TaxWise for hundreds of low income families.COMPUTER SKILLSMicrosoft Word Excel ACL TeamMate Audit caution SystemEDUCATIONUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-CHAMPAIGN, Champaign, IllinoisBachelor of Science, Accounting, 2001CERTIFICATIONSChartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU), 2005Fellow, Life Management implant (FLMI), 2004Certified Financial Examiner (CFE), 2004Certified Public Accountant (CPA), 2003

Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People

Identify the current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welf ar of tykeren and immature state including e-safety. The United Nations congregation on the Rights of the Child 1989 which ensure that peasantren are safe and looked after, children brace the right to be protected from entirely forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect, negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including intimate abuse by those looking after them.Children put to work 1989 Parents and professionals must work to ensure the safety of the child. This act includes two important sections Section 47 states that the local authority has a duty to investigate if they have cause to suspect a child that lives or is found in their area is paltry or likely to suffer sanctifyificant harm. Section 17 states that services must be put in place by local authority to safeguard the welfare of the children within their area who need it.The teaching met hod Act 2002 This sets out the responsibilities of Local Education Authorities (LEAs), Governing bodies, head teachers and every decision(predicate) those on the job(p) in shoals to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. Children Act 2004 This provides the legal framework for Every Child Matters. It includes the compulsion for Services to work more closely, forming an integrated service. a common assessment framework to help the azoic identification of need a shared database of information which is relevant to the safety and welfare of children Earlier stay for parents who experiencing problems. Working Together to Safeguard Children 2006 This sets out the duties of organisations and how they must work together to safeguard children and young people. E-safety 2008 The council has produced a strategy to increase the awareness of internet safety. Set out measures to protect children from unsui fudge sites and establish codes of practice.Safeguarding the public assi stance of Children and Young PeopleAssignment 008 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people labor movement A 1. Identify a current national piece of legislation relevant to safeguarding children and young peoples welfare. United Nations blueprint on the rights of a child. 2. Identify two current local policies, procedures or guidance in carnal knowledge to safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Child Protection Policy and Health and resort Policy. 3. Complete the following table with two examples. Agency nameRole of the agency (involved in safeguarding(in own work setting) -Children and young people) Children & Young People Portfolio Advice and fill-in regarding (social Services) child abuse. _________________________________________________________ Early Intervention Advisory Team Supporting a childs individualist needs and working alongside key workers. 4. Complete the following table. symbols of child abuseList 3 characteristics for each - Type of child abuse PhysicalBruises in strange places, cuts Burns/scalds -EmotionalWithdrawn, stammering/stuttering, acting each different to normal. - SexualItching/pain in gentile area, wetting/soiling themselves, inappropriate play with toys/dolls - NeglectDirty, constantly tired, malnourished BullyingWithdrawn, finding excuses not to go to school, asking for m stary. 5. Complete the following table. - Concerns that a confrere isGive a interpretation of the action to effect in response. Failing to comply withReport concerns straight away Safeguarding proceduresto the motorcoach/designated person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then the lieutenant must be informed. Harming, abusing orReport concerns straight away Bullying a child orto the manager/designated Young person. person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then report to the police lieutenant manager and trustees. 6. separate the principles and boundaries of confidentiality and when to share information. In more cases the passing of information is routine, relating to the childs daily care and needs.Other than this all records and information given by the parents is kept locked away and only made available to cater working closely with the child concerned. discipline on child protection issues lead only be shared with other staff on a need to know basis. This need to know basis refers to external(a) agencies if they become involved. Parents have the rights to clear the records on their children if requested. If parents disclose any confidential information to a subdivision of staff they must be told that the information will be shared with the manager whilst assuring them that it will not be discussed outside the nursery setting.There are no circumstances in which disclosure of child abuse will be kept confidential. Assignment 008 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Task B 2. Produce a tailfin point action plan to follow if a child is suffering from any or all of the following sign and symptoms Severe headache, feeling nauseous, embossed temperature, sensitivity to light, raised rash or spots. Actions to take 1. Check temperature 2. Check for rash, spots, photophobia 3. Ring ambulance 4. Ring parents/carer 5. Move to a quiet area away from other children. 3. Complete the following table showing what actions to take in an fate.Fire In the event of a fire dial 999. The staff will evacuate the children quietly and sedately to the assembly point. The manager/deputy will collect the emergency contact list, visitors register, staff register and erratic phone (if it is safe to do so). The senior person in each room will hobble that on that point are no children in the cloak rooms or toilets and ensure windows and doors are unappealing (if in no agile danger) and take the register with them. At the assembly point children, staff and visitors are checked against the registers to ensure no one is absent.Never re-en ter the building unless you have been cleared to do so by the fire services. hostage incident Politely greet the intruder, identify yourself and ask the purpose of their visit. pardon that all visitors must sign in. If the intruder becomes agitated and refuses to leave the building peacefully, try to calm them whilst a colleague calls the police. Children should be go to a room furthest from the intruder and distracted by staff and will stay there until the police puzzle. Explain to the police what has happened so they can deal with the intruder.If the person leaves before the police arrive do not detain them. Remember to log any incidents and review all security measures. lacking(p) children or young person As soon as a child has gone missing the manager must be notified immediately. The remaining children are moved to one room with appropriate come in of staff, remaining staff will search the area the child was last seen for a maximum of 5 legal proceeding. Inform the infa nt school and organise a search of school grounds for 10 proceeding with all available staff. After a maximum of 15 minutes the childs parents/carers and emergency services are contacted.Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young PeopleAssignment 008 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Task A 1. Identify a current national piece of legislation relevant to safeguarding children and young peoples welfare. United Nations Convention on the rights of a child. 2. Identify two current local policies, procedures or guidance in relation to safeguarding the welfare of children and young people. Child Protection Policy and Health and Safety Policy. 3. Complete the following table with two examples. Agency nameRole of the agency (involved in safeguarding(in own work setting) -Children and young people) Children & Young People Portfolio Advice and support regarding (social Services) child abuse. _________________________________________________________ Early Intervention Ad visory Team Supporting a childs individual needs and working alongside key workers. 4. Complete the following table. Types of child abuseList 3 characteristics for each - Type of child abuse PhysicalBruises in strange places, cuts Burns/scalds -EmotionalWithdrawn, stammering/stuttering, acting totally different to normal. - SexualItching/pain in gentile area, wetting/soiling themselves, inappropriate play with toys/dolls - NeglectDirty, constantly tired, malnourished BullyingWithdrawn, finding excuses not to go to school, asking for money. 5. Complete the following table. - Concerns that a colleague isGive a description of the action to take in response. Failing to comply withReport concerns straight away Safeguarding proceduresto the manager/designated person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then the deputy must be informed. Harming, abusing orReport concerns straight away Bullying a child orto the manager/designated Young person. person. If the colleague is the manager/designated person then report to the deputy manager and trustees. 6. Describe the principles and boundaries of confidentiality and when to share information. In many cases the passing of information is routine, relating to the childs daily care and needs.Other than this all records and information given by the parents is kept locked away and only made available to staff working closely with the child concerned. Information on child protection issues will only be shared with other staff on a need to know basis. This need to know basis refers to outside agencies if they become involved. Parents have the rights to see the records on their children if requested. If parents disclose any confidential information to a member of staff they must be told that the information will be shared with the manager whilst assuring them that it will not be discussed outside the nursery setting.There are no circumstances in which disclosure of child abuse will be kept confidential. Assignment 00 8 Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people Task B 2. Produce a five point action plan to follow if a child is suffering from any or all of the following sign and symptoms Severe headache, feeling nauseous, raised temperature, sensitivity to light, raised rash or spots. Actions to take 1. Check temperature 2. Check for rash, spots, photophobia 3. Ring ambulance 4. Ring parents/carer 5. Move to a quiet area away from other children. 3. Complete the following table showing what actions to take in an emergency.Fire In the event of a fire dial 999. The staff will evacuate the children quietly and calmly to the assembly point. The manager/deputy will collect the emergency contact list, visitors register, staff register and mobile phone (if it is safe to do so). The senior person in each room will check that there are no children in the cloak rooms or toilets and ensure windows and doors are closed (if in no immediate danger) and take the register with them. At the assembly po int children, staff and visitors are checked against the registers to ensure no one is missing.Never re-enter the building unless you have been cleared to do so by the fire services. Security incident Politely greet the intruder, identify yourself and ask the purpose of their visit. Explain that all visitors must sign in. If the intruder becomes agitated and refuses to leave the building peacefully, try to calm them whilst a colleague calls the police. Children should be moved to a room furthest from the intruder and distracted by staff and will stay there until the police arrive. Explain to the police what has happened so they can deal with the intruder.If the person leaves before the police arrive do not detain them. Remember to log any incidents and review all security measures. Missing children or young person As soon as a child has gone missing the manager must be notified immediately. The remaining children are moved to one room with appropriate number of staff, remaining staf f will search the area the child was last seen for a maximum of 5 minutes. Inform the infant school and organise a search of school grounds for 10 minutes with all available staff. After a maximum of 15 minutes the childs parents/carers and emergency services are contacted.

Developing as a hr practitioner Essay

The CIPD Profession map is a strategic tool used to help picture HR is fully utilised in the establishment it operate in. It is used to add value to the organisation and define the highest level of victor competency required.The Profession Map is made up of 2 summation professional areas, 8 specialist areas, 8 behaviours and 4 level Insights, strategy and solutions is the first core professional area, which helps the organisation to make informed choices about the direction of business. It allows decisions to be made about how the business provide operate and identifies opportunities for improvement and development. Leading HR is the second professional area, which focuses on ensuring HR own, shape and puzzle themselves and the development of others within the organisation. They cover 3 key leadership areas, Personal leadership, leading others and leading issues. HR are seen as proactive rather than observational. Organisation designThis ensures that the organisation is correct ly setup to lay aside it objectives in the short, medium and long term and a robust plan is in place to stagger with restructuring.

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay

Africans had fought very(prenominal) hard to obtain equal rights in the United States. After the civil fight the country begin their journey in America History with period known as reconstruction (Bowls 2011, 1. 1). There are several reasons why the nation went to war, and one of the most important was the right to quell the practice of slavery. From 1865 to the present, African Americans micturate worked to end their isolation through legislation, protest, and major contri exceptions to society. In 1863 President Abraham capital of Nebraska signs the Emancipation Proclamation.This proclamation did not free the slaves but it was the first step toward making this a realness (Bowles, 2011, 1. 1). The proclamation would only apply only to states in rebellion. The Emancipation proclamation is one of those stupendous facts in human history with marks not only an era in the progress of the nation, but an snuggle in history of the world (Journal of Blacks pg. 108-109). The civil war did not bring an end to racial shame and forcefulness in the south. Neither military attractions nor politicians can change the ingrained cultural beliefs of the pack (Bowles, 2011 1. para10).After 1865 slavery could no longer structure relations between the races (1999, Segregation and De requisition). The Black Codes systemise some of these feelings when 1865 southern states government created legislation that restricted and control the lives of the ex-slaves (Bowel 2011 1. 1 para10). The Black Codes restricted African Americans to married other than their own race, they could not carried guns, they could only work on farms, and if they did not follow this rules they could enthrone in jail or put them to enforced work which was the same as slavery (Bowles, 2011 1. para10).The chairperson at the time supported this codes which made more difficult the lives of the ex-slaves. Meanwhile, many benighteds who enlisted in the military encountered spirant discrimination while in the service and, them after risking their lives for the preservation of the free world, retuned to a society that move to deem them second-class citizens (Levy, 1998). The only significant racial reform enacted by the federal government in the decade after the end of World War 11 was the desegregation of the armed forces order by President Truman in 1948.To some blacks, even this represented a pyrrhic victory (Levy, 1948). African Americans likewise suffer from segregation. Segregation is the practice by law or custom, of separating groups, spatiall(a)y according to race, class, or ethnicity (Segregation and desegregation, 2001). racial segregation began after the end of slavery, when new laws barred blacks from many occupations, restricted voting rights, and designated separate in the public eye(predicate) facilities for black and whiten populations (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011).Segregation existed somewhat differently in the North and the South of the country. Differe nt conditions in the North and South led to different kinds of social organization among African communities (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). Segregation in a legal sense began with laws separating blacks and whites in education (Segregation, 2010). Although blacks paid taxes as whites, they did not receive funding for their schools and they had to affirm on church and missionary organizations to create their own schools (segregation, 2010).A law that emerged was separate facilities for blacks in all areas, assigning African Americans a separate and degraded status in transportation, dining, places of entertainment, and even in cemeteries (Segregation, 2010). The custom and laws associated with segregation created a deeply entrenched culture of white supremacy, which radicalized every aspect of life in the South. The laws prevented blacks and whites from joining to doctorher in union meetings, political-reform organizations, or on a social level, thus creating a one-party (De mocratic) solid South impervious to change.African Americans continually resisted segregation and white supremacy but with few Southern white allies (Segregation, 2010). The Civil Right Movement The biracial system in the South kept many African Americans impoverished and disenfranchised, it also created conditions that facilitated the development of a strong black middle class and cultural institutions. Black schools and especially the black church enabled the development of African American leadership, and became the base of the Civil Rights Movement. In the North, however, were run by white teachers and administrators and did not foster racial hook as many did in the South.For Northern blacks, then, civil rights issues focused on discrimination and unequal approach path rather than formal desegregation. In the South, the Civil Rights Movement focused primarily on ending segregation (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s, when the nu mber of middle-class and skilled blacks was almost forty percentage of the Southern black population. The earliest victory came in 1954, when the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in cook v. Board of Education, that racially separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (Segregation and Desegregation 2011).The following course the court ordered that African Americans can attend to white school. The school systems did not accepted this and reacted with violence that the federal military often had to go to the schools and protect the black children who attempt to attend school (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Because of this events the Court-ordered desegregation prompted white flight from public schools in many areas, as families with the financial resources to do so enrolled their children in private schools or moved to mostly-white suburban school districts (Segregation and Desegregation 2011).On December 1, 1955, genus Rosa position, a middle-aged black hatter boarded a Montgomery, Alabama bus to take her home. Several sugar later the bus number one wood requests her to give up her sit to a white passenger. She refuses, the bus driver called the police and she was arrested. At the Police Station she told the officer I didnt think I should have to stand up, after I had paid my fare and occupied a seat I didnt think I should have to give it up (Levy, 1998). The effort to abolish other forms of segregation, initiated in 1955 when seamstress Rosa Parks refused to relinquish her seat in the white section of a Montgomery bus, continue through the 1960s.The movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther faggot, Jr. , who developed a philosophy of nonviolent activism ground on principles of Christian belief and the passive resistance teachings of Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi and American philosopher enthalpy David Thoreau(Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Martin Luther King, Jr. as the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement for equa l rights for African Americans that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther King first became aware of racial segregation when, at the age of six, a white friend was not allowed to play with him anymore.Throughout his childhood and young adulthood he experienced segregation and racism he and his family were required to sit in separate places in stores and on buses. King and other black children could not use the same swimming pools or public parks as white children (Martin Luther King Jr. 009). In 1954, Martin Luther King took a job as pastor of the dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man, the Montgomery civil rights community decided to hold a bus boycott to get rid of the law that black passengers had to sit at the back of the bus and yield seats to white passengers. They also decided to form a new organization and elect a new leader to include all the different people an d groups who supported the boycott.King was asked to lead this new organization, the Montgomery utility Association, and he agreed (Martin Luther King Jr. 2009). African American had struggled through time fighting for their rights. They had be a long way obtaining the same rights as every other citizen in the United States. African Americans finally can walk freely in the country they had overcome adversity. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are only few that had help on the civil right movement and these people had been very important in history to abolish Segregation.